Understanding Evolution of Resistant Strains in Recent Decades and Approach Towards Antibiotic Therapy

Abstract

Developing resistance to antibiotics is a natural process, and a rising threat to human society. These emergent strains have
worsened the burden on existing regimen of antibiotic therapy. Resistance, classified under multidrug resistance (MDR),
extensively drug-resistance (XDR) and pandrug-resistance (PDR), is widely seen in hospital setup. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella (Resistant to thirdgeneration cephalosporins), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are currently spread infectious agents which
call for careful and proper antibiotic management. Antibiotic control programs, better hygiene, antibiogram-based empirical
therapy with improved antimicrobial activity are needed to limit bacterial resistance.