Retinal Vascular Changes in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A2: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Diabetes complicates a significant proportion of pregnancies, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) posing a considerable
health concern. While the incidence of GDM is rising, its implications extend beyond pregnancy, affecting both maternal
and fetal health. Notably, diabetic retinopathy (DR) presents a substantial risk, particularly in women with pre-existing
diabetes. However, there remains a dearth of data on retinal vascular changes in pregnant women with GDM managed with
medication, particularly in the South Indian population. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating retinal vascular
changes in pregnant women with GDM managed with medication, focusing specifically on GDM type A2. We conducted a
comprehensive assessment of retinopathy prevalence and associated factors in this population, employing various imaging
modalities including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography angiography and Doppler sonography