Gender Inequity in Neurological Health Care in India: Socio-Cultural Influences, Clinical Challenges, and Potential Pathways to Equity

Abstract

The issue of gender-based inequity in health care, particularly in neuromedicine, is indeed a matter of serious concern in India.
From birth, girls often face discrimination, which can manifest in malnutrition, unequal access to education, and inadequate
health care, all of which impact their neurological health. Neurological conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, psychosomatic
disorders, and demyelinating disorders reveal stark disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and care based on gender. Key
factors contributing to this gender-based inequity in neuromedicine are socio-cultural barriers (deep-rooted societal norms
and cultural practices in India often prioritize the health of male family members over females. These norms can result in
women delaying seeking medical attention or being denied care altogether. This contributes to late diagnoses and poor
outcomes for women with neurological conditions; myths misconceptions and misbeliefs (neurological disorders, particularly
epilepsy and psychosomatic disorders, carry significant stigma, especially for women). Misconceptions around conditions
like epilepsy can lead to social isolation, exclusion from marriage prospects, and neglect in care. Additionally, women’s
health issues are often dismissed as psychological or “hormonal”, leading to misdiagnoses; access to health care (women
often face structural barriers, such as lack of autonomy in decision-making, lower financial independence, and restricted
mobility), which limit their access to neuromedical care. Health care resources in rural and underserved areas are limited,
and gender biases in treatment mean that women are less likely to receive timely and adequate interventions for neurological
conditions; malnutrition (poor nutrition among women), starting from childhood, is a significant contributor to neurological
health problems. Malnutrition during pregnancy, which affects fetal development, can result in a higher prevalence of
developmental neurological disorders in children, with gender-based neglect often continuing into adulthood. Potential
solutions include awareness campaigns, policy changes, health care provider training, and community empowerment. By
delving into these areas, we can begin to understand the complexities of gender inequity in neuromedicine and work toward
more equitable health care solutions.