Navigating the Monkeypox Outbreak: A Call for Vigilance and Preparedness

Abstract

Mpox (earlier known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, affecting both humans and
various animal species. Initially endemic to Central and West Africa, the virus spread to non-endemic regions such as the
United States, Brazil, Spain, France, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. This global spread prompted the World Health Organization
(WHO) to declare it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2022. On August 14, 2024, a surge of
Mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, along with its spread to neighboring countries, was declared a PHEIC.
Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated materials. Symptoms typically
include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Differentiating Mpox from other pox-like illnesses is crucial, with diagnosis
confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Effective preventive strategies, such as vaccination, enhanced
surveillance, and strict isolation protocols, are essential for controlling the spread. Although the risk of a widespread outbreak
in countries like India remains low, continued vigilance, global coordination, and robust public health preparedness are vital
to mitigating future outbreaks.